Does bitcoin have any real value

Expectations are that the Fed will lift interest rates sooner than later, possibly as soon as March, to slow the economy by deterring people and businesses from borrowing. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency developed in by Satoshi Nakamoto , the name given to its unknown creator or creators. Transactions are recorded in a digital ledger called a blockchain , which shows the transaction history for each unit and proves ownership.

Consider These Investing Strategies. Unlike traditional currencies, bitcoin is not issued by a central bank or backed by a government, whose currency is given a market value based on a variety of things like how much debt it owes, how able it is to pay that debt back, and how secure people feel about that equation. And buying a bitcoin is different from purchasing a stock or bond, because bitcoin is not a corporation.

Indeed, bitcoin, in theory, is not subject to things like rising consumer and producer prices inflation , the level of interest rates and other monetary policy and fiscal policy changes that governments use to direct the broader economy — and which in turn influence the value of a currency. Bitcoin believers say the main source of its value is its scarcity.

Bitcoin specifically is limited to a quantity of 21 million; the final coins are projected to be mined in the year On Oct. None of that answers the real question of what a bitcoin or any other non-physical asset is actually worth , and how that value is determined by markets.

There is a technical way to calculate the intrinsic value of one bitcoin: by computing the average marginal cost of production of a bitcoin at any given point in time, based on the so-called block reward , the price of electricity, the energy efficiency of mining hardware, and mining difficulty. At the same time, and like any asset, be it gold, real estate or rare baseball cards, something is only ever worth what someone else is willing to pay for it. A hard fork occurs when a cryptocurrency undergoes a protocol change resulting in a permanent diversion from the legacy distributed ledger.

This may result in the creation of a new cryptocurrency on a new distributed ledger in addition to the legacy cryptocurrency on the legacy distributed ledger. If a hard fork is followed by an airdrop and you receive new cryptocurrency, you will have taxable income in the taxable year you receive that cryptocurrency. When you receive cryptocurrency from an airdrop following a hard fork, you will have ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the new cryptocurrency when it is received, which is when the transaction is recorded on the distributed ledger, provided you have dominion and control over the cryptocurrency so that you can transfer, sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of the cryptocurrency.

If you receive cryptocurrency from an airdrop following a hard fork, your basis in that cryptocurrency is equal to the amount you included in income on your Federal income tax return. The amount included in income is the fair market value of the cryptocurrency when you received it.

You have received the cryptocurrency when you can transfer, sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of it, which is generally the date and time the airdrop is recorded on the distributed ledger. See Rev. If you receive cryptocurrency in a transaction facilitated by a cryptocurrency exchange, the value of the cryptocurrency is the amount that is recorded by the cryptocurrency exchange for that transaction in U.

If the transaction is facilitated by a centralized or decentralized cryptocurrency exchange but is not recorded on a distributed ledger or is otherwise an off-chain transaction, then the fair market value is the amount the cryptocurrency was trading for on the exchange at the date and time the transaction would have been recorded on the ledger if it had been an on-chain transaction.

If you receive cryptocurrency in a peer-to-peer transaction or some other transaction not facilitated by a cryptocurrency exchange, the fair market value of the cryptocurrency is determined as of the date and time the transaction is recorded on the distributed ledger, or would have been recorded on the ledger if it had been an on-chain transaction.

The IRS will accept as evidence of fair market value the value as determined by a cryptocurrency or blockchain explorer that analyzes worldwide indices of a cryptocurrency and calculates the value of the cryptocurrency at an exact date and time. When you receive cryptocurrency in exchange for property or services, and that cryptocurrency is not traded on any cryptocurrency exchange and does not have a published value, then the fair market value of the cryptocurrency received is equal to the fair market value of the property or services exchanged for the cryptocurrency when the transaction occurs.

Your holding period begins the day after it is received. For more information on holding periods, see Publication , Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets. A soft fork occurs when a distributed ledger undergoes a protocol change that does not result in a diversion of the ledger and thus does not result in the creation of a new cryptocurrency.

Because soft forks do not result in you receiving new cryptocurrency, you will be in the same position you were in prior to the soft fork, meaning that the soft fork will not result in any income to you. If you receive virtual currency as a bona fide gift, you will not recognize income until you sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of that virtual currency.

For more information about gifts, see Publication , Survivors, Executors, and Administrators. Your basis in virtual currency received as a bona fide gift differs depending on whether you will have a gain or a loss when you sell or dispose of it.

For more information on basis of property received as a gift, see Publication , Basis of Assets. Your holding period in virtual currency received as a gift includes the time that the virtual currency was held by the person from whom you received the gift. If you donate virtual currency to a charitable organization described in Internal Revenue Code Section c , you will not recognize income, gain, or loss from the donation.

For more information on charitable contributions, see Publication , Charitable Contributions. Your charitable contribution deduction is generally equal to the fair market value of the virtual currency at the time of the donation if you have held the virtual currency for more than one year.

For more information on charitable contribution deductions, see Publication , Charitable Contributions. The signature of the donee on Form does not represent concurrence in the appraised value of the contributed property. The signature represents acknowledgement of receipt of the property described in Form on the date specified and that the donee understands the information reporting requirements imposed by section L on dispositions of the donated property see discussion of Form in FAQ See Form instructions for more information.

See Publication , Charitable Contributions , for more information. Tax-exempt charity responsibilities include the following:. If you transfer virtual currency from a wallet, address, or account belonging to you, to another wallet, address, or account that also belongs to you, then the transfer is a non-taxable event, even if you receive an information return from an exchange or platform as a result of the transfer.

You may choose which units of virtual currency are deemed to be sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of if you can specifically identify which unit or units of virtual currency are involved in the transaction and substantiate your basis in those units. This information must show 1 the date and time each unit was acquired, 2 your basis and the fair market value of each unit at the time it was acquired, 3 the date and time each unit was sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of, and 4 the fair market value of each unit when sold, exchanged, or disposed of, and the amount of money or the value of property received for each unit.

If you do not identify specific units of virtual currency, the units are deemed to have been sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of in chronological order beginning with the earliest unit of the virtual currency you purchased or acquired; that is, on a first in, first out FIFO basis. You must report income, gain, or loss from all taxable transactions involving virtual currency on your Federal income tax return for the taxable year of the transaction, regardless of the amount or whether you receive a payee statement or information return.

You must report most sales and other capital transactions and calculate capital gain or loss in accordance with IRS forms and instructions, including on Form , Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets , and then summarize capital gains and deductible capital losses on Form , Schedule D, Capital Gains and Losses.

You must report ordinary income from virtual currency on Form , U. Information on virtual currency is available at IRS. Many questions about the tax treatment of virtual currency can be answered by referring to Notice PDF and Rev. The Internal Revenue Code and regulations require taxpayers to maintain records that are sufficient to establish the positions taken on tax returns. You should therefore maintain, for example, records documenting receipts, sales, exchanges, or other dispositions of virtual currency and the fair market value of the virtual currency.

More In File. What is virtual currency? How is virtual currency treated for Federal income tax purposes? What is cryptocurrency? Will I recognize a gain or loss when I sell my virtual currency for real currency?

The Form asks whether at any time during , I received, sold, sent, exchanged, or otherwise acquired any financial interest in any virtual currency. During , I purchased virtual currency with real currency and had no other virtual currency transactions during the year. Must I answer yes to the Form question? The Form asks whether at any time during , I received, sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of any financial interest in any virtual currency.

How do I answer the question on the Form ? How do I determine if my gain or loss is a short-term or long-term capital gain or loss? How do I calculate my gain or loss when I sell virtual currency for real currency? How do I determine my basis in virtual currency I purchased with real currency?

Do I have income if I provide someone with a service and that person pays me with virtual currency? Does virtual currency received by an independent contractor for performing services constitute self-employment income? Does virtual currency paid by an employer as remuneration for services constitute wages for employment tax purposes?

How do I calculate my income if I provide a service and receive payment in virtual currency? Will I recognize a gain or loss if I pay someone with virtual currency for providing me with a service? How do I calculate my gain or loss when I pay for services using virtual currency? Will I recognize a gain or loss if I exchange my virtual currency for other property? How do I calculate my gain or loss when I exchange my virtual currency for other property?

Will I recognize a gain or loss if I sell or exchange property other than U. How do I calculate my gain or loss when I exchange property for virtual currency? How do I determine my basis in virtual currency that I have received in exchange for property?

One of my cryptocurrencies went through a hard fork but I did not receive any new cryptocurrency. Do I have income? One of my cryptocurrencies went through a hard fork followed by an airdrop and I received new cryptocurrency.

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